IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF THE 40 VICEROYS OF PERU: 1544 – 1824 3 GOLDEN CENTURIES OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE IN SOUTH AMERICA

 

Francisco Pizarro, the commander of the Spanish expedition to conquer the Inca Empire, captured the Inca Atahualpa in Cajamarca on November 16, 1532, thus beginning the process of conquest and occupation of the territory of Tawantinsuyo.  

A period of conflicts also began over the distribution of territories between the partners of the conquest, Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro.  

On July 8, 1538 Diego de Almagro died in battle with the pizarrists .  

On June 26, 1541 Francisco Pizarro was murdered by the Almagrists. 

A period of chaos begins in which the encomenderos, those who received land, abuse the indigenous people excessively.  

In view of the situation, the King of Spain Charles I, who was also recognized as Charles V, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, decided to establish the Viceroyalty of Peru, with new laws aimed at achieving better organization and administration of its most important territory. overseas, and above all prevent abuses against indigenous people by giving them greater benefits for their development.  

These new laws were rejected by the encomenderos (landowners) who considered their interests affected. 

In 1544, the first viceroy, Don Blasco Núñez de Vela, arrived in Lima, who died with his throat cut in a battle with the rebels who opposed these laws, led by Gonzalo Pizarro. 

It is with this viceroy that this book begins, which deals with events of government and passages in the lives of the 40 Spaniards who held the position of Viceroy of Peru. 

This book is available on Amazon in Spanish and English.

CELTS AND CARTHAGINIANS A GRAND EPIC ADVENTURE IN SOUTH AMERICA

 

CELTS AND CARTHAGINIANS A GRAND EPIC ADVENTURE IN SOUTH AMERICA : FOOTPRINT AND LEGACY OF 2 GREAT CIVILIZATIONS THAT ARRIVED IN AMERICA BEFORE CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

This is an incredible and wonderful story that begins approximately in the year 146 BC, with the end of the Punic Wars.

After Rome defeats Carthage and completely destroys its cities, killing its inhabitants, the survivors, among whom were Carthaginians and Celts, desperately flee on the ships of the powerful fleet of the Punic Empire.

With no possibility of return, they head towards the Canary Islands and then towards the west, without a known destination.

After many days, they reached the coasts of what is now Brazil and entered the Amazon River, traveling along it for a long time without finding appropriate places to settle.

Finally, they reach the limit of the navigable river, in what is known today as Yurimaguas, where they disembark.

The expedition continues on foot through the San Martín region, leaving several settlements. Finally, they arrive in the vicinity of Chachapoyas, in the Amazonas region, where they establish the seat of government and the main settlement.

From there, they carry out wonderful and incredible work over centuries and many generations, organizing and teaching the natives, who were hunters and gatherers, and promoting the emergence of civilizations or cultures along the coast and the mountains.

Thanks to the Celts/Carthaginians, Peru was the only area in South America where organized sedentary people emerged with practices of government, agriculture, textiles, goldsmithing, construction, religion, etc., while in the rest of South America only hunters and gatherers existed.

With the decline of created civilizations or cultures, the Celts/Carthaginians establish the Inca Empire, which rebuilds the abandoned and chaotic towns.

Over many generations, the Celtic/Carthaginian civilization diluted, mixing with local populations until it disappeared with the arrival of the Spanish.

There is tangible evidence, as well as legends and other important traces that support this story. Although it has been addressed in books by European authors, currently there is only this book by a Peruvian author on the subject.

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