“Cholo” is an adjective that can have ambivalent meaning in Peru, it can be positive or negative.
“Cholo o cholito”, “chola o cholita”, are terms that are used between spouses as signs of affection.
But, it can also be used as an insult, “cholo de m…” can be said by one person to insult another.
Peru is a country of mestizo people, that is, a mixture of people from diverse origins, mainly Hispanic/indigenous, but also multiple combinations including people from other origins such as Chinese, Japanese, African, Italian, French, German, Russian, English, Irish, Malays, Jews, Arabs, Palestinians, etc.
If the Peruvian or Latin American has European preponderance in his DNA, he will present a phenotype that will classify him as "white", if on the contrary the indigenous part predominates in his DNA, he will present a phenotype that will not be classified as white and will rather be a "cholo".
But that's not the end of it, within the "white" segment there are also those who are more or less European, and on the other hand those who are more or less indigenous, and they all discriminate between predominantly white and predominantly indigenous.
The predominance of "whites" in Peru has been strong, but it is declining to give it over to those in which the indigenous part predominates,
We see it in the Government, in parliament, in the judiciary, in the prosecutor's office, in the armed forces, in the police, in schools, in universities, etc.
This process includes a negative part: the "cholos" have received, and receive, a lower education than the "whites" so many failures occur when they begin to occupy relevant positions of government, command, legislator, director, etc.
What is called "cholonization" or the preponderance of "cholos" is an irreversible process in Peru, which is beginning to be accepted, but which has the great challenge of having to rapidly raise the educational level in schools and universities so that "whites" and "cholos" are on the same level in terms of culture.
A good idea would also be to massively apply DNA tests now so available to everyone, for what? for what purpose? so that everyone, "whites" and "cholos" see that they are mestizos, mixtures, mixtures, almost the same, and only with slight variations in the components, so that discriminations and exclusions are left aside and mutual respect is introduced .
Peruvians and Latin Americans are neither white nor indigenous. neither white nor Chinese, neither white nor black, neither indigenous nor Japanese, etc. etc etc only mestizos, no matter how bombastic last name we have.
In this book we turn to the genes, to the results of the DNA test of a Peruvian, which could be that of any of the more than 30 million inhabitants of Peru.
We see that it corresponds to the DNA of a mestizo, like all Peruvians and Latin Americans, in this case with a preponderance of European origin.
We see different origins intertwined, including Africa, the Middle East, Europe, America
We appreciate a very long journey around the world, thousands of years across many continents, capturing many strengths in each one.
We American mestizos are nomads who have not had, nor will we have, a definitive settlement in any region of the planet.
From Africa we went to the Middle East, then to Europe, and later to America.
It seems that the process is not over yet because the migratory flows continue.
Reading this book places us in what the nature of the American mestizo really is, what we are.
Is it a disadvantage to be mixed race? no, quite the opposite, it is a great strength, we have the best of many ethnic groups from all continents, which makes us very valuable.
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